EU public finances / Eurostat release of 21 Oct 2026 / data to 2025
Greece has the EU's biggest debt, 145.4% of GDP, and a budget surplus. Romania owes 58.9% and has the worst deficit, 7.8%.
Debt is a stock. The deficit is the yearly flow. In the new autumn figures for 2025 the two point in opposite directions for the biggest names. Guess first, then see all 27 member states move from 2005 to 2025.
Three guesses, 2025 data
1. Which of these has the highest government debt as a share of GDP?
2. Which of these has the worst budget deficit?
3. How many of the 27 members run a deficit worse than 3.0% of GDP? 8
Debt against deficit, every member state
2025
Right of the vertical line: debt above 60% of GDP. Below the horizontal line: deficit worse than 3% of GDP (the two EU fiscal reference values). Hollow dots at an edge mean the value is off the chart. Tap a dot for the country's history.
Tap a dot to open the country's 21 years.
All the numbers (tap a header to sort)
Country
Debt 2025
Change vs 2024
Balance 2025
Balance 2024
Sources
Eurostat, Government deficit/surplus, debt and associated data (table gov_10dd_edpt1), general government sector S13, percent of GDP, fetched live from the Eurostat dissemination API for 2005 to 2025. Dataset marked updated 21 Oct 2026 11:00 CEST. Eurostat database
Debt is gross consolidated general government debt. Balance is net lending (+) or borrowing (-). The 60% and 3% lines are the EU Treaty reference values used in Eurostat's release.
Note: some historic values are extreme (for example Ireland's bank rescue year) and are clamped to the chart edge. Values are as published in October 2026 and may be revised.